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References
Last Updated: July 13, 2026
1Ebbinghaus, H. (1885/1913). Memory. Replicated by Murre, J. M. J., & Dros, J. (2015). PLOS ONE, 10(7). doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0120644
2KIALS internal case study data. Individual results vary. Not a guarantee of future outcomes. For personal study use only. AI-generated content should be reviewed by a qualified educator or subject matter expert before professional use.
3Cepeda, N. J. et al. (2006). Distributed practice in verbal recall tasks. Psychological Bulletin, 132(3), 354-380. doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.132.3.354
4Roediger, H. L., & Karpicke, J. D. (2006). Test-enhanced learning. Psychological Science, 17(3), 249-255. doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01693.x
5Kornell, N., & Bjork, R. A. (2008). Learning concepts and categories: Is spacing the “enemy of induction”? Psychological Science, 19(6), 585-592. doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02127.x
6Bloom, B. S. (Ed.). (1956). Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: Handbook I, Cognitive Domain. New York: David McKay.
7Paivio, A. (1971). Imagery and Verbal Processes. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
8Walker, M. P., & Stickgold, R. (2006). Sleep, memory, and plasticity. Annual Review of Psychology, 57, 139-166. doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.56.091103.070307